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/**
* A javascript implementation of a cryptographically-secure
* Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG). The Fortuna algorithm is followed
* here though the use of SHA-256 is not enforced; when generating an
* a PRNG context, the hashing algorithm and block cipher used for
* the generator are specified via a plugin.
*
* @author Dave Longley
*
* Copyright (c) 2010-2014 Digital Bazaar, Inc.
*/
var forge = require('./forge');
require('./util');
var _crypto = null;
if(forge.util.isNodejs && !forge.options.usePureJavaScript &&
!process.versions['node-webkit']) {
_crypto = require('crypto');
}
/* PRNG API */
var prng = module.exports = forge.prng = forge.prng || {};
/**
* Creates a new PRNG context.
*
* A PRNG plugin must be passed in that will provide:
*
* 1. A function that initializes the key and seed of a PRNG context. It
* will be given a 16 byte key and a 16 byte seed. Any key expansion
* or transformation of the seed from a byte string into an array of
* integers (or similar) should be performed.
* 2. The cryptographic function used by the generator. It takes a key and
* a seed.
* 3. A seed increment function. It takes the seed and returns seed + 1.
* 4. An api to create a message digest.
*
* For an example, see random.js.
*
* @param plugin the PRNG plugin to use.
*/
prng.create = function(plugin) {
var ctx = {
plugin: plugin,
key: null,
seed: null,
time: null,
// number of reseeds so far
reseeds: 0,
// amount of data generated so far
generated: 0,
// no initial key bytes
keyBytes: ''
};
// create 32 entropy pools (each is a message digest)
var md = plugin.md;
var pools = new Array(32);
for(var i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
pools[i] = md.create();
}
ctx.pools = pools;
// entropy pools are written to cyclically, starting at index 0
ctx.pool = 0;
/**
* Generates random bytes. The bytes may be generated synchronously or
* asynchronously. Web workers must use the asynchronous interface or
* else the behavior is undefined.
*
* @param count the number of random bytes to generate.
* @param [callback(err, bytes)] called once the operation completes.
*
* @return count random bytes as a string.
*/
ctx.generate = function(count, callback) {
// do synchronously
if(!callback) {
return ctx.generateSync(count);
}
// simple generator using counter-based CBC
var cipher = ctx.plugin.cipher;
var increment = ctx.plugin.increment;
var formatKey = ctx.plugin.formatKey;
var formatSeed = ctx.plugin.formatSeed;
var b = forge.util.createBuffer();
// paranoid deviation from Fortuna:
// reset key for every request to protect previously
// generated random bytes should the key be discovered;
// there is no 100ms based reseeding because of this
// forced reseed for every `generate` call
ctx.key = null;
generate();
function generate(err) {
if(err) {
return callback(err);
}
// sufficient bytes generated
if(b.length() >= count) {
return callback(null, b.getBytes(count));
}
// if amount of data generated is greater than 1 MiB, trigger reseed
if(ctx.generated > 0xfffff) {
ctx.key = null;
}
if(ctx.key === null) {
// prevent stack overflow
return forge.util.nextTick(function() {
_reseed(generate);
});
}
// generate the random bytes
var bytes = cipher(ctx.key, ctx.seed);
ctx.generated += bytes.length;
b.putBytes(bytes);
// generate bytes for a new key and seed
ctx.key = formatKey(cipher(ctx.key, increment(ctx.seed)));
ctx.seed = formatSeed(cipher(ctx.key, ctx.seed));
forge.util.setImmediate(generate);
}
};
/**
* Generates random bytes synchronously.
*
* @param count the number of random bytes to generate.
*
* @return count random bytes as a string.
*/
ctx.generateSync = function(count) {
// simple generator using counter-based CBC
var cipher = ctx.plugin.cipher;
var increment = ctx.plugin.increment;
var formatKey = ctx.plugin.formatKey;
var formatSeed = ctx.plugin.formatSeed;
// paranoid deviation from Fortuna:
// reset key for every request to protect previously
// generated random bytes should the key be discovered;
// there is no 100ms based reseeding because of this
// forced reseed for every `generateSync` call
ctx.key = null;
var b = forge.util.createBuffer();
while(b.length() < count) {
// if amount of data generated is greater than 1 MiB, trigger reseed
if(ctx.generated > 0xfffff) {
ctx.key = null;
}
if(ctx.key === null) {
_reseedSync();
}
// generate the random bytes
var bytes = cipher(ctx.key, ctx.seed);
ctx.generated += bytes.length;
b.putBytes(bytes);
// generate bytes for a new key and seed
ctx.key = formatKey(cipher(ctx.key, increment(ctx.seed)));
ctx.seed = formatSeed(cipher(ctx.key, ctx.seed));
}
return b.getBytes(count);
};
/**
* Private function that asynchronously reseeds a generator.
*
* @param callback(err) called once the operation completes.
*/
function _reseed(callback) {
if(ctx.pools[0].messageLength >= 32) {
_seed();
return callback();
}
// not enough seed data...
var needed = (32 - ctx.pools[0].messageLength) << 5;
ctx.seedFile(needed, function(err, bytes) {
if(err) {
return callback(err);
}
ctx.collect(bytes);
_seed();
callback();
});
}
/**
* Private function that synchronously reseeds a generator.
*/
function _reseedSync() {
if(ctx.pools[0].messageLength >= 32) {
return _seed();
}
// not enough seed data...
var needed = (32 - ctx.pools[0].messageLength) << 5;
ctx.collect(ctx.seedFileSync(needed));
_seed();
}
/**
* Private function that seeds a generator once enough bytes are available.
*/
function _seed() {
// update reseed count
ctx.reseeds = (ctx.reseeds === 0xffffffff) ? 0 : ctx.reseeds + 1;
// goal is to update `key` via:
// key = hash(key + s)
// where 's' is all collected entropy from selected pools, then...
// create a plugin-based message digest
var md = ctx.plugin.md.create();
// consume current key bytes
md.update(ctx.keyBytes);
// digest the entropy of pools whose index k meet the
// condition 'n mod 2^k == 0' where n is the number of reseeds
var _2powK = 1;
for(var k = 0; k < 32; ++k) {
if(ctx.reseeds % _2powK === 0) {
md.update(ctx.pools[k].digest().getBytes());
ctx.pools[k].start();
}
_2powK = _2powK << 1;
}
// get digest for key bytes
ctx.keyBytes = md.digest().getBytes();
// paranoid deviation from Fortuna:
// update `seed` via `seed = hash(key)`
// instead of initializing to zero once and only
// ever incrementing it
md.start();
md.update(ctx.keyBytes);
var seedBytes = md.digest().getBytes();
// update state
ctx.key = ctx.plugin.formatKey(ctx.keyBytes);
ctx.seed = ctx.plugin.formatSeed(seedBytes);
ctx.generated = 0;
}
/**
* The built-in default seedFile. This seedFile is used when entropy
* is needed immediately.
*
* @param needed the number of bytes that are needed.
*
* @return the random bytes.
*/
function defaultSeedFile(needed) {
// use window.crypto.getRandomValues strong source of entropy if available
var getRandomValues = null;
var globalScope = forge.util.globalScope;
var _crypto = globalScope.crypto || globalScope.msCrypto;
if(_crypto && _crypto.getRandomValues) {
getRandomValues = function(arr) {
return _crypto.getRandomValues(arr);
};
}
var b = forge.util.createBuffer();
if(getRandomValues) {
while(b.length() < needed) {
// max byte length is 65536 before QuotaExceededError is thrown
// http://www.w3.org/TR/WebCryptoAPI/#RandomSource-method-getRandomValues
var count = Math.max(1, Math.min(needed - b.length(), 65536) / 4);
var entropy = new Uint32Array(Math.floor(count));
try {
getRandomValues(entropy);
for(var i = 0; i < entropy.length; ++i) {
b.putInt32(entropy[i]);
}
} catch(e) {
/* only ignore QuotaExceededError */
if(!(typeof QuotaExceededError !== 'undefined' &&
e instanceof QuotaExceededError)) {
throw e;
}
}
}
}
// be sad and add some weak random data
if(b.length() < needed) {
/* Draws from Park-Miller "minimal standard" 31 bit PRNG,
implemented with David G. Carta's optimization: with 32 bit math
and without division (Public Domain). */
var hi, lo, next;
var seed = Math.floor(Math.random() * 0x010000);
while(b.length() < needed) {
lo = 16807 * (seed & 0xFFFF);
hi = 16807 * (seed >> 16);
lo += (hi & 0x7FFF) << 16;
lo += hi >> 15;
lo = (lo & 0x7FFFFFFF) + (lo >> 31);
seed = lo & 0xFFFFFFFF;
// consume lower 3 bytes of seed
for(var i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
// throw in more pseudo random
next = seed >>> (i << 3);
next ^= Math.floor(Math.random() * 0x0100);
b.putByte(next & 0xFF);
}
}
}
return b.getBytes(needed);
}
// initialize seed file APIs
if(_crypto) {
// use nodejs async API
ctx.seedFile = function(needed, callback) {
_crypto.randomBytes(needed, function(err, bytes) {
if(err) {
return callback(err);
}
callback(null, bytes.toString());
});
};
// use nodejs sync API
ctx.seedFileSync = function(needed) {
return _crypto.randomBytes(needed).toString();
};
} else {
ctx.seedFile = function(needed, callback) {
try {
callback(null, defaultSeedFile(needed));
} catch(e) {
callback(e);
}
};
ctx.seedFileSync = defaultSeedFile;
}
/**
* Adds entropy to a prng ctx's accumulator.
*
* @param bytes the bytes of entropy as a string.
*/
ctx.collect = function(bytes) {
// iterate over pools distributing entropy cyclically
var count = bytes.length;
for(var i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
ctx.pools[ctx.pool].update(bytes.substr(i, 1));
ctx.pool = (ctx.pool === 31) ? 0 : ctx.pool + 1;
}
};
/**
* Collects an integer of n bits.
*
* @param i the integer entropy.
* @param n the number of bits in the integer.
*/
ctx.collectInt = function(i, n) {
var bytes = '';
for(var x = 0; x < n; x += 8) {
bytes += String.fromCharCode((i >> x) & 0xFF);
}
ctx.collect(bytes);
};
/**
* Registers a Web Worker to receive immediate entropy from the main thread.
* This method is required until Web Workers can access the native crypto
* API. This method should be called twice for each created worker, once in
* the main thread, and once in the worker itself.
*
* @param worker the worker to register.
*/
ctx.registerWorker = function(worker) {
// worker receives random bytes
if(worker === self) {
ctx.seedFile = function(needed, callback) {
function listener(e) {
var data = e.data;
if(data.forge && data.forge.prng) {
self.removeEventListener('message', listener);
callback(data.forge.prng.err, data.forge.prng.bytes);
}
}
self.addEventListener('message', listener);
self.postMessage({forge: {prng: {needed: needed}}});
};
} else {
// main thread sends random bytes upon request
var listener = function(e) {
var data = e.data;
if(data.forge && data.forge.prng) {
ctx.seedFile(data.forge.prng.needed, function(err, bytes) {
worker.postMessage({forge: {prng: {err: err, bytes: bytes}}});
});
}
};
// TODO: do we need to remove the event listener when the worker dies?
worker.addEventListener('message', listener);
}
};
return ctx;
};