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# send
[![NPM Version][npm-version-image]][npm-url]
[![NPM Downloads][npm-downloads-image]][npm-url]
[![Linux Build][github-actions-ci-image]][github-actions-ci-url]
[![Windows Build][appveyor-image]][appveyor-url]
[![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
Send is a library for streaming files from the file system as a http response
supporting partial responses (Ranges), conditional-GET negotiation (If-Match,
If-Unmodified-Since, If-None-Match, If-Modified-Since), high test coverage,
and granular events which may be leveraged to take appropriate actions in your
application or framework.
Looking to serve up entire folders mapped to URLs? Try [serve-static](https://www.npmjs.org/package/serve-static).
## Installation
This is a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/) module available through the
[npm registry](https://www.npmjs.com/). Installation is done using the
[`npm install` command](https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/installing-npm-packages-locally):
```bash
$ npm install send
```
## API
```js
var send = require('send')
```
### send(req, path, [options])
Create a new `SendStream` for the given path to send to a `res`. The `req` is
the Node.js HTTP request and the `path` is a urlencoded path to send (urlencoded,
not the actual file-system path).
#### Options
##### acceptRanges
Enable or disable accepting ranged requests, defaults to true.
Disabling this will not send `Accept-Ranges` and ignore the contents
of the `Range` request header.
##### cacheControl
Enable or disable setting `Cache-Control` response header, defaults to
true. Disabling this will ignore the `immutable` and `maxAge` options.
##### dotfiles
Set how "dotfiles" are treated when encountered. A dotfile is a file
or directory that begins with a dot ("."). Note this check is done on
the path itself without checking if the path actually exists on the
disk. If `root` is specified, only the dotfiles above the root are
checked (i.e. the root itself can be within a dotfile when when set
to "deny").
- `'allow'` No special treatment for dotfiles.
- `'deny'` Send a 403 for any request for a dotfile.
- `'ignore'` Pretend like the dotfile does not exist and 404.
The default value is _similar_ to `'ignore'`, with the exception that
this default will not ignore the files within a directory that begins
with a dot, for backward-compatibility.
##### end
Byte offset at which the stream ends, defaults to the length of the file
minus 1. The end is inclusive in the stream, meaning `end: 3` will include
the 4th byte in the stream.
##### etag
Enable or disable etag generation, defaults to true.
##### extensions
If a given file doesn't exist, try appending one of the given extensions,
in the given order. By default, this is disabled (set to `false`). An
example value that will serve extension-less HTML files: `['html', 'htm']`.
This is skipped if the requested file already has an extension.
##### immutable
Enable or disable the `immutable` directive in the `Cache-Control` response
header, defaults to `false`. If set to `true`, the `maxAge` option should
also be specified to enable caching. The `immutable` directive will prevent
supported clients from making conditional requests during the life of the
`maxAge` option to check if the file has changed.
##### index
By default send supports "index.html" files, to disable this
set `false` or to supply a new index pass a string or an array
in preferred order.
##### lastModified
Enable or disable `Last-Modified` header, defaults to true. Uses the file
system's last modified value.
##### maxAge
Provide a max-age in milliseconds for http caching, defaults to 0.
This can also be a string accepted by the
[ms](https://www.npmjs.org/package/ms#readme) module.
##### root
Serve files relative to `path`.
##### start
Byte offset at which the stream starts, defaults to 0. The start is inclusive,
meaning `start: 2` will include the 3rd byte in the stream.
#### Events
The `SendStream` is an event emitter and will emit the following events:
- `error` an error occurred `(err)`
- `directory` a directory was requested `(res, path)`
- `file` a file was requested `(path, stat)`
- `headers` the headers are about to be set on a file `(res, path, stat)`
- `stream` file streaming has started `(stream)`
- `end` streaming has completed
#### .pipe
The `pipe` method is used to pipe the response into the Node.js HTTP response
object, typically `send(req, path, options).pipe(res)`.
### .mime
The `mime` export is the global instance of of the
[`mime` npm module](https://www.npmjs.com/package/mime).
This is used to configure the MIME types that are associated with file extensions
as well as other options for how to resolve the MIME type of a file (like the
default type to use for an unknown file extension).
## Error-handling
By default when no `error` listeners are present an automatic response will be
made, otherwise you have full control over the response, aka you may show a 5xx
page etc.
## Caching
It does _not_ perform internal caching, you should use a reverse proxy cache
such as Varnish for this, or those fancy things called CDNs. If your
application is small enough that it would benefit from single-node memory
caching, it's small enough that it does not need caching at all ;).
## Debugging
To enable `debug()` instrumentation output export __DEBUG__:
```
$ DEBUG=send node app
```
## Running tests
```
$ npm install
$ npm test
```
## Examples
### Serve a specific file
This simple example will send a specific file to all requests.
```js
var http = require('http')
var send = require('send')
var server = http.createServer(function onRequest (req, res) {
send(req, '/path/to/index.html')
.pipe(res)
})
server.listen(3000)
```
### Serve all files from a directory
This simple example will just serve up all the files in a
given directory as the top-level. For example, a request
`GET /foo.txt` will send back `/www/public/foo.txt`.
```js
var http = require('http')
var parseUrl = require('parseurl')
var send = require('send')
var server = http.createServer(function onRequest (req, res) {
send(req, parseUrl(req).pathname, { root: '/www/public' })
.pipe(res)
})
server.listen(3000)
```
### Custom file types
```js
var http = require('http')
var parseUrl = require('parseurl')
var send = require('send')
// Default unknown types to text/plain
send.mime.default_type = 'text/plain'
// Add a custom type
send.mime.define({
'application/x-my-type': ['x-mt', 'x-mtt']
})
var server = http.createServer(function onRequest (req, res) {
send(req, parseUrl(req).pathname, { root: '/www/public' })
.pipe(res)
})
server.listen(3000)
```
### Custom directory index view
This is a example of serving up a structure of directories with a
custom function to render a listing of a directory.
```js
var http = require('http')
var fs = require('fs')
var parseUrl = require('parseurl')
var send = require('send')
// Transfer arbitrary files from within /www/example.com/public/*
// with a custom handler for directory listing
var server = http.createServer(function onRequest (req, res) {
send(req, parseUrl(req).pathname, { index: false, root: '/www/public' })
.once('directory', directory)
.pipe(res)
})
server.listen(3000)
// Custom directory handler
function directory (res, path) {
var stream = this
// redirect to trailing slash for consistent url
if (!stream.hasTrailingSlash()) {
return stream.redirect(path)
}
// get directory list
fs.readdir(path, function onReaddir (err, list) {
if (err) return stream.error(err)
// render an index for the directory
res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/plain; charset=UTF-8')
res.end(list.join('\n') + '\n')
})
}
```
### Serving from a root directory with custom error-handling
```js
var http = require('http')
var parseUrl = require('parseurl')
var send = require('send')
var server = http.createServer(function onRequest (req, res) {
// your custom error-handling logic:
function error (err) {
res.statusCode = err.status || 500
res.end(err.message)
}
// your custom headers
function headers (res, path, stat) {
// serve all files for download
res.setHeader('Content-Disposition', 'attachment')
}
// your custom directory handling logic:
function redirect () {
res.statusCode = 301
res.setHeader('Location', req.url + '/')
res.end('Redirecting to ' + req.url + '/')
}
// transfer arbitrary files from within
// /www/example.com/public/*
send(req, parseUrl(req).pathname, { root: '/www/public' })
.on('error', error)
.on('directory', redirect)
.on('headers', headers)
.pipe(res)
})
server.listen(3000)
```
## License
[MIT](LICENSE)
[appveyor-image]: https://badgen.net/appveyor/ci/dougwilson/send/master?label=windows
[appveyor-url]: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/dougwilson/send
[coveralls-image]: https://badgen.net/coveralls/c/github/pillarjs/send/master
[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/pillarjs/send?branch=master
[github-actions-ci-image]: https://badgen.net/github/checks/pillarjs/send/master?label=linux
[github-actions-ci-url]: https://github.com/pillarjs/send/actions/workflows/ci.yml
[node-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/node/send
[node-url]: https://nodejs.org/en/download/
[npm-downloads-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/dm/send
[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/send
[npm-version-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/v/send