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# webpack-merge - Merge designed for Webpack
**webpack-merge** provides a `merge` function that concatenates arrays and merges objects creating a new object. If functions are encountered, it will execute them, run the results through the algorithm, and then wrap the returned values within a function again.
This behavior is particularly useful in configuring webpack although it has uses beyond it. Whenever you need to merge configuration objects, **webpack-merge** can come in handy.
There's also a webpack specific merge variant known as `merge.smart` that's able to take webpack specifics into account (i.e., it can flatten loader definitions).
## Standard Merging
### **`merge(...configuration | [...configuration])`**
`merge` is the core, and the most important idea, of the API. Often this is all you need unless you want further customization.
```javascript
// Default API
var output = merge(object1, object2, object3, ...);
// You can pass an array of objects directly.
// This works with all available functions.
var output = merge([object1, object2, object3]);
// Please note that where keys match,
// the objects to the right take precedence:
var output = merge(
{ fruit: "apple", color: "red" },
{ fruit: "strawberries" }
);
console.log(output);
// { color: "red", fruit: "strawberries"}
```
### **`merge({ customizeArray, customizeObject })(...configuration | [...configuration])`**
`merge` behavior can be customized per field through a curried customization API.
```javascript
// Customizing array/object behavior
var output = merge(
{
customizeArray(a, b, key) {
if (key === 'extensions') {
return _.uniq([...a, ...b]);
}
// Fall back to default merging
return undefined;
},
customizeObject(a, b, key) {
if (key === 'module') {
// Custom merging
return _.merge({}, a, b);
}
// Fall back to default merging
return undefined;
}
}
)(object1, object2, object3, ...);
```
For example, if the previous code was invoked with only `object1` and `object2`
with `object1` as:
```
{
foo1: ['object1'],
foo2: ['object1'],
bar1: { object1: {} },
bar2: { object1: {} },
}
```
and `object2` as:
```
{
foo1: ['object2'],
foo2: ['object2'],
bar1: { object2: {} },
bar2: { object2: {} },
}
```
then `customizeArray` will be invoked for each property of `Array` type, i.e:
```
customizeArray(['object1'], ['object2'], 'foo1');
customizeArray(['object1'], ['object2'], 'foo2');
```
and `customizeObject` will be invoked for each property of `Object` type, i.e:
```
customizeObject({ object1: {} }, { object2: {} }, bar1);
customizeObject({ object1: {} }, { object2: {} }, bar2);
```
### **`merge.unique(<field>, <fields>, field => field)`**
The first <field> is the config property to look through for duplicates.
<fields> represents the values that should be unique when you run the field => field function on each duplicate.
```javascript
const output = merge({
customizeArray: merge.unique(
'plugins',
['HotModuleReplacementPlugin'],
plugin => plugin.constructor && plugin.constructor.name
)
})({
plugins: [
new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin()
]
}, {
plugins: [
new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin()
]
});
// Output contains only single HotModuleReplacementPlugin now.
```
## Merging with Strategies
### **`merge.strategy({ <field>: '<prepend|append|replace>''})(...configuration | [...configuration])`**
Given you may want to configure merging behavior per field, there's a strategy variant:
```javascript
// Merging with a specific merge strategy
var output = merge.strategy(
{
entry: 'prepend', // or 'replace', defaults to 'append'
'module.rules': 'prepend'
}
)(object1, object2, object3, ...);
```
### **`merge.smartStrategy({ <key>: '<prepend|append|replace>''})(...configuration | [...configuration])`**
The same idea works with smart merging too (described below in greater detail).
```javascript
var output = merge.smartStrategy(
{
entry: 'prepend', // or 'replace'
'module.rules': 'prepend'
}
)(object1, object2, object3, ...);
```
## Smart Merging
### **`merge.smart(...configuration | [...configuration])`**
*webpack-merge* tries to be smart about merging loaders when `merge.smart` is used. Loaders with matching tests will be merged into a single loader value.
Note that the logic picks up webpack 2 `rules` kind of syntax as well. The examples below have been written in webpack 1 syntax.
**package.json**
```json5
{
"scripts": {
"start": "webpack-dev-server",
"build": "webpack"
},
// ...
}
```
**webpack.config.js**
```javascript
var path = require('path');
var merge = require('webpack-merge');
var TARGET = process.env.npm_lifecycle_event;
var common = {
entry: path.join(__dirname, 'app'),
...
module: {
loaders: [
{
test: /\.css$/,
loaders: ['style', 'css'],
},
],
},
};
if(TARGET === 'start') {
module.exports = merge(common, {
module: {
// loaders will get concatenated!
loaders: [
{
test: /\.jsx?$/,
loader: 'babel?stage=1',
include: path.join(ROOT_PATH, 'app'),
},
],
},
...
});
}
if(TARGET === 'build') {
module.exports = merge(common, {
...
});
}
...
```
**Loader string values `loader: 'babel'` override each other.**
```javascript
merge.smart({
loaders: [{
test: /\.js$/,
loader: 'babel'
}]
}, {
loaders: [{
test: /\.js$/,
loader: 'coffee'
}]
});
// will become
{
loaders: [{
test: /\.js$/,
loader: 'coffee'
}]
}
```
**Loader array values `loaders: ['babel']` will be merged, without duplication.**
```javascript
merge.smart({
loaders: [{
test: /\.js$/,
loaders: ['babel']
}]
}, {
loaders: [{
test: /\.js$/,
loaders: ['coffee']
}]
});
// will become
{
loaders: [{
test: /\.js$/,
// appended because Webpack evaluated these from right to left
// this way you can specialize behavior and build the loader chain
loaders: ['babel', 'coffee']
}]
}
```
**Loader array values `loaders: ['babel']` can be reordered by including
original loaders.**
```javascript
merge.smart({
loaders: [{
test: /\.js$/,
loaders: ['babel']
}]
}, {
loaders: [{
test: /\.js$/,
loaders: ['react-hot', 'babel']
}]
});
// will become
{
loaders: [{
test: /\.js$/,
// order of second argument is respected
loaders: ['react-hot', 'babel']
}]
}
```
This also works in reverse - the existing order will be maintained if possible:
```javascript
merge.smart({
loaders: [{
test: /\.css$/,
use: [
{ loader: 'css-loader', options: { myOptions: true } },
{ loader: 'style-loader' }
]
}]
}, {
loaders: [{
test: /\.css$/,
use: [
{ loader: 'style-loader', options: { someSetting: true } }
]
}]
});
// will become
{
loaders: [{
test: /\.css$/,
use: [
{ loader: 'css-loader', options: { myOptions: true } },
{ loader: 'style-loader', options: { someSetting: true } }
]
}]
}
```
In the case of an order conflict, the second order wins:
```javascript
merge.smart({
loaders: [{
test: /\.css$/,
use: [
{ loader: 'css-loader' },
{ loader: 'style-loader' }
]
}]
}, {
loaders: [{
test: /\.css$/,
use: [
{ loader: 'style-loader' },
{ loader: 'css-loader' }
]
}]
});
// will become
{
loaders: [{
test: /\.css$/,
use: [
{ loader: 'style-loader' }
{ loader: 'css-loader' },
]
}]
}
```
**Loader query strings `loaders: ['babel?plugins[]=object-assign']` will be overridden.**
```javascript
merge.smart({
loaders: [{
test: /\.js$/,
loaders: ['babel?plugins[]=object-assign']
}]
}, {
loaders: [{
test: /\.js$/,
loaders: ['babel', 'coffee']
}]
});
// will become
{
loaders: [{
test: /\.js$/,
loaders: ['babel', 'coffee']
}]
}
```
**Loader arrays in source values will have loader strings merged into them.**
```javascript
merge.smart({
loaders: [{
test: /\.js$/,
loader: 'babel'
}]
}, {
loaders: [{
test: /\.js$/,
loaders: ['coffee']
}]
});
// will become
{
loaders: [{
test: /\.js$/,
// appended because Webpack evaluated these from right to left!
loaders: ['babel', 'coffee']
}]
}
```
**Loader strings in source values will always override.**
```javascript
merge.smart({
loaders: [{
test: /\.js$/,
loaders: ['babel']
}]
}, {
loaders: [{
test: /\.js$/,
loader: 'coffee'
}]
});
// will become
{
loaders: [{
test: /\.js$/,
loader: 'coffee'
}]
}
```
## Multiple Merging
### **`merge.multiple(...configuration | [...configuration])`**
Sometimes you may need to support multiple targets, *webpack-merge* will accept an object where each key represents the target configuration. The output becomes an *array* of configurations where matching keys are merged and non-matching keys are added.
```javascript
var path = require('path');
var baseConfig = {
server: {
target: 'node',
output: {
path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'),
filename: 'lib.node.js'
}
},
client: {
output: {
path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'),
filename: 'lib.js'
}
}
};
// specialized configuration
var production = {
client: {
output: {
path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'),
filename: '[name].[hash].js'
}
}
}
module.exports = merge.multiple(baseConfig, production)
```
> Check out [SurviveJS - Webpack and React](http://survivejs.com/) to dig deeper into the topic.
## Development
1. `npm i`
1. `npm run build`
1. `npm run watch`
Before contributing, please open an issue where to discuss.
## License
*webpack-merge* is available under MIT. See LICENSE for more details.