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<?php
/**
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
* with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
* 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
* http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html
*
* @file
*/
namespace MediaWiki\Exception;
use Exception;
use LocalisationCache;
use MediaWiki\Context\RequestContext;
use MediaWiki\Html\Html;
use MediaWiki\Language\RawMessage;
use MediaWiki\MainConfigNames;
use MediaWiki\MediaWikiServices;
use MediaWiki\Message\Message;
use MediaWiki\Request\WebRequest;
use Throwable;
use Wikimedia\AtEase;
use Wikimedia\Http\HttpStatus;
use Wikimedia\Message\MessageParam;
use Wikimedia\Message\MessageSpecifier;
use Wikimedia\Rdbms\DBConnectionError;
use Wikimedia\Rdbms\DBExpectedError;
use Wikimedia\Rdbms\DBReadOnlyError;
use Wikimedia\RequestTimeout\RequestTimeoutException;
/**
* Class to expose exceptions to the client (API bots, users, admins using CLI scripts)
* @since 1.28
*/
class MWExceptionRenderer {
public const AS_RAW = 1; // show as text
public const AS_PRETTY = 2; // show as HTML
/**
* Whether to print exception details.
*
* The default is configured by $wgShowExceptionDetails.
* May be changed at runtime via MWExceptionRenderer::setShowExceptionDetails().
*
* @see MainConfigNames::ShowExceptionDetails
* @var bool
*/
private static $showExceptionDetails = false;
/**
* @internal For use within core wiring only.
* @return bool
*/
public static function shouldShowExceptionDetails(): bool {
return self::$showExceptionDetails;
}
/**
* @param bool $showDetails
* @internal For use by Setup.php and other internal use cases.
*/
public static function setShowExceptionDetails( bool $showDetails ): void {
self::$showExceptionDetails = $showDetails;
}
/**
* @param Throwable $e Original exception
* @param int $mode MWExceptionExposer::AS_* constant
* @param Throwable|null $eNew New throwable from attempting to show the first
*/
public static function output( Throwable $e, $mode, ?Throwable $eNew = null ) {
$showExceptionDetails = self::shouldShowExceptionDetails();
if ( $e instanceof RequestTimeoutException && headers_sent() ) {
// Excimer's flag check happens on function return, so, a timeout
// can be thrown after exiting, say, `doPostOutputShutdown`, where
// headers are sent. In which case, it's probably fine not to
// report this in any user visible way. The general question of
// what to do about reporting an exception when headers have been
// sent is still unclear, but you probably don't want to
// `useOutputPage`.
return;
}
if ( function_exists( 'apache_setenv' ) ) {
// The client should not be blocked on "post-send" updates. If apache decides that
// a response should be gzipped, it will wait for PHP to finish since it cannot gzip
// anything until it has the full response (even with "Transfer-Encoding: chunked").
AtEase\AtEase::suppressWarnings();
apache_setenv( 'no-gzip', '1' );
AtEase\AtEase::restoreWarnings();
}
if ( defined( 'MW_API' ) ) {
self::header( 'MediaWiki-API-Error: internal_api_error_' . get_class( $e ) );
}
if ( self::isCommandLine() ) {
self::printError( self::getText( $e ) );
} elseif ( $mode === self::AS_PRETTY ) {
self::statusHeader( 500 );
ob_start();
if ( $e instanceof DBConnectionError ) {
self::reportOutageHTML( $e );
} else {
self::reportHTML( $e );
}
self::header( "Content-Length: " . ob_get_length() );
ob_end_flush();
} else {
ob_start();
self::statusHeader( 500 );
self::header( 'Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8' );
if ( $eNew ) {
$message = "MediaWiki internal error.\n\n";
if ( $showExceptionDetails ) {
$message .= 'Original exception: ' .
MWExceptionHandler::getLogMessage( $e ) .
"\nBacktrace:\n" . MWExceptionHandler::getRedactedTraceAsString( $e ) .
"\n\nException caught inside exception handler: " .
MWExceptionHandler::getLogMessage( $eNew ) .
"\nBacktrace:\n" . MWExceptionHandler::getRedactedTraceAsString( $eNew );
} else {
$message .= 'Original exception: ' .
MWExceptionHandler::getPublicLogMessage( $e );
$message .= "\n\nException caught inside exception handler.\n\n" .
self::getShowBacktraceError();
}
$message .= "\n";
} elseif ( $showExceptionDetails ) {
$message = MWExceptionHandler::getLogMessage( $e ) .
"\nBacktrace:\n" .
MWExceptionHandler::getRedactedTraceAsString( $e ) . "\n";
} else {
$message = MWExceptionHandler::getPublicLogMessage( $e );
}
print nl2br( htmlspecialchars( $message ) ) . "\n";
print '<meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark">';
self::header( "Content-Length: " . ob_get_length() );
ob_end_flush();
}
}
/**
* @param Throwable $e
* @return bool Should the throwable use $wgOut to output the error?
*/
private static function useOutputPage( Throwable $e ) {
// Can the exception use the Message class/wfMessage to get i18n-ed messages?
foreach ( $e->getTrace() as $frame ) {
if ( isset( $frame['class'] ) && $frame['class'] === LocalisationCache::class ) {
return false;
}
}
// Don't even bother with OutputPage if there's no Title context set,
// (e.g. we're in RL code on load.php) - the Skin system (and probably
// most of MediaWiki) won't work.
return (
!empty( $GLOBALS['wgFullyInitialised'] ) &&
!empty( $GLOBALS['wgOut'] ) &&
RequestContext::getMain()->getTitle() &&
!defined( 'MEDIAWIKI_INSTALL' ) &&
// Don't send a skinned HTTP 500 page to API clients.
!defined( 'MW_API' ) &&
!defined( 'MW_REST_API' )
);
}
/**
* Output the throwable report using HTML
*/
private static function reportHTML( Throwable $e ) {
if ( self::useOutputPage( $e ) ) {
$out = RequestContext::getMain()->getOutput();
$out->prepareErrorPage();
$out->addModuleStyles( 'mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles' );
$out->setPageTitleMsg( self::getExceptionTitle( $e ) );
// Show any custom GUI message before the details
$customMessage = self::getCustomMessage( $e );
if ( $customMessage !== null ) {
$out->addHTML( Html::element( 'p', [], $customMessage ) );
}
$out->addHTML( self::getHTML( $e ) );
// Content-Type is set by OutputPage::output
$out->output();
} else {
self::header( 'Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8' );
$pageTitle = self::msg( 'internalerror', 'Internal error' );
echo "<!DOCTYPE html>\n" .
'<html><head>' .
// Mimic OutputPage::setPageTitle behaviour
'<title>' .
htmlspecialchars( self::msg( 'pagetitle', '$1 - MediaWiki', $pageTitle ) ) .
'</title>' .
'<meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark" />' .
'<style>body { font-family: sans-serif; margin: 0; padding: 0.5em 2em; }</style>' .
"</head><body>\n";
echo self::getHTML( $e );
echo "</body></html>\n";
}
}
/**
* Format an HTML message for the given exception object.
*
* @param Throwable $e
* @return string Html to output
*/
public static function getHTML( Throwable $e ) {
if ( self::shouldShowExceptionDetails() ) {
$html = '<div dir=ltr>' . Html::errorBox( "<p>" .
nl2br( htmlspecialchars( MWExceptionHandler::getLogMessage( $e ) ) ) .
'</p><p>Backtrace:</p><p>' .
nl2br( htmlspecialchars( MWExceptionHandler::getRedactedTraceAsString( $e ) ) ) .
"</p>\n"
) . '</div>';
} else {
$logId = WebRequest::getRequestId();
$html = Html::errorBox(
htmlspecialchars(
'[' . $logId . '] ' .
gmdate( 'Y-m-d H:i:s' ) . ": " .
self::msg( "internalerror-fatal-exception",
"Fatal exception of type $1",
get_class( $e ),
$logId,
MWExceptionHandler::getURL()
) )
) . "<!-- " . wordwrap( self::getShowBacktraceError(), 50 ) . " -->";
}
return $html;
}
/**
* Get a message string from i18n
*
* @param string $key Message name
* @param string $fallback Default message if the message cache can't be
* called by the exception
* @phpcs:ignore Generic.Files.LineLength
* @param MessageParam|MessageSpecifier|string|int|float|list<MessageParam|MessageSpecifier|string|int|float> ...$params
* See Message::params()
* @return string Message with arguments replaced
*/
public static function msg( $key, $fallback, ...$params ) {
// NOTE: Keep logic in sync with MWException::msg
$res = self::msgObj( $key, $fallback, ...$params )->text();
return strtr( $res, [
'{{SITENAME}}' => 'MediaWiki',
] );
}
/** Get a Message object from i18n.
*
* @param string $key Message name
* @param string $fallback Default message if the message cache can't be
* called by the exception
* @phpcs:ignore Generic.Files.LineLength
* @param MessageParam|MessageSpecifier|string|int|float|list<MessageParam|MessageSpecifier|string|int|float> ...$params
* See Message::params()
* @return Message|RawMessage
*/
private static function msgObj( string $key, string $fallback, ...$params ): Message {
// NOTE: Keep logic in sync with MWException::msg.
try {
$res = wfMessage( $key, ...$params );
} catch ( Exception $e ) {
// Fallback to static message text and generic sitename.
// Avoid live config as this must work before Setup/MediaWikiServices finish.
$res = new RawMessage( $fallback, $params );
}
// We are in an error state, best to minimize how much work we do.
$res->useDatabase( false );
$isSafeToLoad = RequestContext::getMain()->getUser()->isSafeToLoad();
if ( !$isSafeToLoad ) {
$res->inContentLanguage();
}
return $res;
}
/**
* @param Throwable $e
* @return string
*/
private static function getText( Throwable $e ) {
// XXX: do we need a parameter to control inclusion of exception details?
if ( self::shouldShowExceptionDetails() ) {
return MWExceptionHandler::getLogMessage( $e ) .
"\nBacktrace:\n" .
MWExceptionHandler::getRedactedTraceAsString( $e ) . "\n";
} else {
return self::getShowBacktraceError() . "\n";
}
}
/**
* @return string
*/
private static function getShowBacktraceError() {
$var = '$wgShowExceptionDetails = true;';
return "Set $var at the bottom of LocalSettings.php to show detailed debugging information.";
}
/**
* Get the page title to be used for a given exception.
*
* @param Throwable $e
* @return Message
*/
private static function getExceptionTitle( Throwable $e ): Message {
if ( $e instanceof DBReadOnlyError ) {
return self::msgObj( 'readonly', 'Database is locked' );
} elseif ( $e instanceof DBExpectedError ) {
return self::msgObj( 'databaseerror', 'Database error' );
} elseif ( $e instanceof RequestTimeoutException ) {
return self::msgObj( 'timeouterror', 'Request timeout' );
} else {
return self::msgObj( 'internalerror', 'Internal error' );
}
}
/**
* Extract an additional user-visible message from an exception, or null if
* it has none.
*
* @param Throwable $e
* @return string|null
*/
private static function getCustomMessage( Throwable $e ) {
try {
if ( $e instanceof MessageSpecifier ) {
$msg = Message::newFromSpecifier( $e );
} elseif ( $e instanceof RequestTimeoutException ) {
$msg = wfMessage( 'timeouterror-text', $e->getLimit() );
} else {
return null;
}
$text = $msg->text();
} catch ( Exception $e2 ) {
return null;
}
return $text;
}
/**
* @return bool
*/
private static function isCommandLine() {
return MW_ENTRY_POINT === 'cli';
}
/**
* @param string $header
*/
private static function header( $header ) {
if ( !headers_sent() ) {
header( $header );
}
}
/**
* @param int $code
*/
private static function statusHeader( $code ) {
if ( !headers_sent() ) {
HttpStatus::header( $code );
}
}
/**
* Print a message, if possible to STDERR.
* Use this in command line mode only (see isCommandLine)
*
* @suppress SecurityCheck-XSS
* @param string $message Failure text
*/
private static function printError( $message ) {
// NOTE: STDERR may not be available, especially if php-cgi is used from the
// command line (T17602). Try to produce meaningful output anyway. Using
// echo may corrupt output to STDOUT though.
if ( !defined( 'MW_PHPUNIT_TEST' ) && defined( 'STDERR' ) ) {
fwrite( STDERR, $message );
} else {
echo $message;
}
}
private static function reportOutageHTML( Throwable $e ) {
$mainConfig = MediaWikiServices::getInstance()->getMainConfig();
$showExceptionDetails = $mainConfig->get( MainConfigNames::ShowExceptionDetails );
$showHostnames = $mainConfig->get( MainConfigNames::ShowHostnames );
$sorry = htmlspecialchars( self::msg(
'dberr-problems',
'Sorry! This site is experiencing technical difficulties.'
) );
$again = htmlspecialchars( self::msg(
'dberr-again',
'Try waiting a few minutes and reloading.'
) );
if ( $showHostnames ) {
$info = str_replace(
'$1',
Html::element( 'span', [ 'dir' => 'ltr' ], $e->getMessage() ),
htmlspecialchars( self::msg( 'dberr-info', '($1)' ) )
);
} else {
$info = htmlspecialchars( self::msg(
'dberr-info-hidden',
'(Cannot access the database)'
) );
}
MediaWikiServices::getInstance()->getMessageCache()->disable(); // no DB access
$html = "<!DOCTYPE html>\n" .
'<html><head>' .
'<title>MediaWiki</title>' .
'<meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark" />' .
'<style>body { font-family: sans-serif; margin: 0; padding: 0.5em 2em; }</style>' .
"</head><body><h1>$sorry</h1><p>$again</p><p><small>$info</small></p>";
if ( $showExceptionDetails ) {
$html .= '<p>Backtrace:</p><pre>' .
htmlspecialchars( $e->getTraceAsString() ) . '</pre>';
}
$html .= '</body></html>';
self::header( 'Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8' );
echo $html;
}
}
/** @deprecated class alias since 1.44 */
class_alias( MWExceptionRenderer::class, 'MWExceptionRenderer' );