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def monitor(f, input='print', output='print'):
"""
Returns a wrapped copy of *f* that monitors evaluation by calling
*input* with every input (*args*, *kwargs*) passed to *f* and
*output* with every value returned from *f*. The default action
(specify using the special string value ``'print'``) is to print
inputs and outputs to stdout, along with the total evaluation
count::
>>> from mpmath import *
>>> mp.dps = 5; mp.pretty = False
>>> diff(monitor(exp), 1) # diff will eval f(x-h) and f(x+h)
in 0 (mpf('0.99999999906867742538452148'),) {}
out 0 mpf('2.7182818259274480055282064')
in 1 (mpf('1.0000000009313225746154785'),) {}
out 1 mpf('2.7182818309906424675501024')
mpf('2.7182808')
To disable either the input or the output handler, you may
pass *None* as argument.
Custom input and output handlers may be used e.g. to store
results for later analysis::
>>> mp.dps = 15
>>> input = []
>>> output = []
>>> findroot(monitor(sin, input.append, output.append), 3.0)
mpf('3.1415926535897932')
>>> len(input) # Count number of evaluations
9
>>> print(input[3]); print(output[3])
((mpf('3.1415076583334066'),), {})
8.49952562843408e-5
>>> print(input[4]); print(output[4])
((mpf('3.1415928201669122'),), {})
-1.66577118985331e-7
"""
if not input:
input = lambda v: None
elif input == 'print':
incount = [0]
def input(value):
args, kwargs = value
print("in %s %r %r" % (incount[0], args, kwargs))
incount[0] += 1
if not output:
output = lambda v: None
elif output == 'print':
outcount = [0]
def output(value):
print("out %s %r" % (outcount[0], value))
outcount[0] += 1
def f_monitored(*args, **kwargs):
input((args, kwargs))
v = f(*args, **kwargs)
output(v)
return v
return f_monitored
def timing(f, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Returns time elapsed for evaluating ``f()``. Optionally arguments
may be passed to time the execution of ``f(*args, **kwargs)``.
If the first call is very quick, ``f`` is called
repeatedly and the best time is returned.
"""
once = kwargs.get('once')
if 'once' in kwargs:
del kwargs['once']
if args or kwargs:
if len(args) == 1 and not kwargs:
arg = args[0]
g = lambda: f(arg)
else:
g = lambda: f(*args, **kwargs)
else:
g = f
from timeit import default_timer as clock
t1=clock(); v=g(); t2=clock(); t=t2-t1
if t > 0.05 or once:
return t
for i in range(3):
t1=clock();
# Evaluate multiple times because the timer function
# has a significant overhead
g();g();g();g();g();g();g();g();g();g()
t2=clock()
t=min(t,(t2-t1)/10)
return t