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<?php
/**
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
* with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
* 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
* http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html
*
* @file
*/
namespace Wikimedia\ObjectCache;
use InvalidArgumentException;
use Wikimedia\ObjectFactory\ObjectFactory;
/**
* Wrap multiple BagOStuff objects, to implement different caching tiers.
*
* The order of the caches is important. The first tier is considered the primary
* and highest tier which must handle the majority of the load for reads,
* and is generally less persistent, smaller, and faster (e.g. evicts data
* regularly based on demand, keeping fewer keys at a given time).
* The other caches are consider secondary and lower tiers, which should
* hold more data and retain it for longer than the primary tier.
*
* Data writes ("set") go to all given BagOStuff caches.
* If the `replication => async` option is set, then only the primary write
* is blocking during the web request, with other writes deferred until
* after the web response is sent.
*
* Data reads try each cache in the order they are given, until a value is found.
* When a value is found at a secondary tier, it is automatically copied (back)
* to the primary tier.
*
* **Example**: Keep popular data in memcached, with a fallback to a MySQL database.
* This is how ParserCache is used at Wikimedia Foundation (as of 2024).
*
* ```
* $wgObjectCaches['parsercache-multiwrite'] = [
* 'class' => 'MultiWriteBagOStuff',
* 'caches' => [
* 0 => [
* 'class' => 'MemcachedPeclBagOStuff',
* 'servers' => [ '127.0.0.1:11212' ],
* ],
* 1 => [
* 'class' => 'SqlBagOStuff',
* 'servers' => $parserCacheDbServers,
* 'purgePeriod' => 0,
* 'tableName' => 'pc',
* 'shards' => 256,
* 'reportDupes' => false
* ],
* ]
* ];
* ```
*
* If you configure a memcached server for MultiWriteBagOStuff that is the same
* as the one used for MediaWiki more generally, it is recommended to specify
* the tier via ObjectCache::getInstance() so that the same object and Memcached
* connection can be re-used.
*
* ```
* $wgObjectCaches['my-memcached'] = [ .. ];
* $wgMainCacheType = 'my-memcached';
*
* $wgObjectCaches['parsercache-multiwrite'] = [
* 'class' => 'MultiWriteBagOStuff',
* 'caches' => [
* 0 => [
* 'factory' => [ 'ObjectCache', 'getInstance' ],
* 'args' => [ 'my-memcached' ],
* ],
* 1 => [
* 'class' => 'SqlBagOStuff',
* 'servers' => $parserCacheDbServers,
* 'purgePeriod' => 0,
* 'tableName' => 'pc',
* 'shards' => 256,
* 'reportDupes' => false
* ],
* ]
* ];
* ```
*
* The makeKey() method of this class uses an implementation-agnostic encoding.
* When it forward gets and sets to the other BagOStuff objects, keys are
* automatically re-encoded. For example, to satisfy the character and length
* constraints of MemcachedBagOStuff.
*
* @newable
* @ingroup Cache
*/
class MultiWriteBagOStuff extends BagOStuff {
/** @var BagOStuff[] Backing cache stores in order of highest to lowest tier */
protected $caches;
/** @var bool Use async secondary writes */
protected $asyncWrites = false;
/** @var int[] List of all backing cache indexes */
protected $cacheIndexes = [];
/** @var int TTL when a key is copied to a higher cache tier */
private static $UPGRADE_TTL = 3600;
/**
* @stable to call
*
* @param array $params
* - caches: A numbered array of either ObjectFactory::getObjectFromSpec
* arrays yielding BagOStuff objects or direct BagOStuff objects.
* If using the former, the 'args' field *must* be set.
* The first cache is the primary one, being the first to
* be read in the fallback chain. Writes happen to all stores
* in the order they are defined. However, lock()/unlock() calls
* only use the primary store.
* - replication: Either 'sync' or 'async'. This controls whether writes
* to secondary stores are deferred when possible. To use 'async' writes
* requires the 'asyncHandler' option to be set as well.
* Async writes can increase the chance of some race conditions
* or cause keys to expire seconds later than expected. It is
* safe to use for modules when cached values: are immutable,
* invalidation uses logical TTLs, invalidation uses etag/timestamp
* validation against the DB, or merge() is used to handle races.
*
* @phan-param array{caches:array<int,array|BagOStuff>,replication:string} $params
*/
public function __construct( $params ) {
parent::__construct( $params );
if ( empty( $params['caches'] ) || !is_array( $params['caches'] ) ) {
throw new InvalidArgumentException(
__METHOD__ . ': "caches" parameter must be an array of caches'
);
}
$this->caches = [];
foreach ( $params['caches'] as $cacheInfo ) {
if ( $cacheInfo instanceof BagOStuff ) {
$this->caches[] = $cacheInfo;
} else {
$this->caches[] = ObjectFactory::getObjectFromSpec( $cacheInfo );
}
}
$this->attrMap = $this->mergeFlagMaps( $this->caches );
$this->asyncWrites = (
isset( $params['replication'] ) &&
$params['replication'] === 'async' &&
is_callable( $this->asyncHandler )
);
$this->cacheIndexes = array_keys( $this->caches );
}
public function get( $key, $flags = 0 ) {
$args = func_get_args();
if ( $this->fieldHasFlags( $flags, self::READ_LATEST ) ) {
// If the latest write was a delete(), we do NOT want to fallback
// to the other tiers and possibly see the old value. Also, this
// is used by merge(), which only needs to hit the primary.
return $this->callKeyMethodOnTierCache(
0,
__FUNCTION__,
self::ARG0_KEY,
self::RES_NONKEY,
$args
);
}
$value = false;
// backends checked
$missIndexes = [];
foreach ( $this->cacheIndexes as $i ) {
$value = $this->callKeyMethodOnTierCache(
$i,
__FUNCTION__,
self::ARG0_KEY,
self::RES_NONKEY,
$args
);
if ( $value !== false ) {
break;
}
$missIndexes[] = $i;
}
if (
$value !== false &&
$this->fieldHasFlags( $flags, self::READ_VERIFIED ) &&
$missIndexes
) {
// Backfill the value to the higher (and often faster/smaller) cache tiers
$this->callKeyWriteMethodOnTierCaches(
$missIndexes,
'set',
self::ARG0_KEY,
self::RES_NONKEY,
[ $key, $value, self::$UPGRADE_TTL ]
);
}
return $value;
}
public function set( $key, $value, $exptime = 0, $flags = 0 ) {
return $this->callKeyWriteMethodOnTierCaches(
$this->cacheIndexes,
__FUNCTION__,
self::ARG0_KEY,
self::RES_NONKEY,
func_get_args()
);
}
public function delete( $key, $flags = 0 ) {
return $this->callKeyWriteMethodOnTierCaches(
$this->cacheIndexes,
__FUNCTION__,
self::ARG0_KEY,
self::RES_NONKEY,
func_get_args()
);
}
public function add( $key, $value, $exptime = 0, $flags = 0 ) {
// Try the write to the top-tier cache
$ok = $this->callKeyMethodOnTierCache(
0,
__FUNCTION__,
self::ARG0_KEY,
self::RES_NONKEY,
func_get_args()
);
if ( $ok ) {
// Relay the add() using set() if it succeeded. This is meant to handle certain
// migration scenarios where the same store might get written to twice for certain
// keys. In that case, it makes no sense to return false due to "self-conflicts".
$okSecondaries = $this->callKeyWriteMethodOnTierCaches(
array_slice( $this->cacheIndexes, 1 ),
'set',
self::ARG0_KEY,
self::RES_NONKEY,
[ $key, $value, $exptime, $flags ]
);
if ( $okSecondaries === false ) {
$ok = false;
}
}
return $ok;
}
public function merge( $key, callable $callback, $exptime = 0, $attempts = 10, $flags = 0 ) {
return $this->callKeyWriteMethodOnTierCaches(
$this->cacheIndexes,
__FUNCTION__,
self::ARG0_KEY,
self::RES_NONKEY,
func_get_args()
);
}
public function changeTTL( $key, $exptime = 0, $flags = 0 ) {
return $this->callKeyWriteMethodOnTierCaches(
$this->cacheIndexes,
__FUNCTION__,
self::ARG0_KEY,
self::RES_NONKEY,
func_get_args()
);
}
public function lock( $key, $timeout = 6, $exptime = 6, $rclass = '' ) {
// Only need to lock the first cache; also avoids deadlocks
return $this->callKeyMethodOnTierCache(
0,
__FUNCTION__,
self::ARG0_KEY,
self::RES_NONKEY,
func_get_args()
);
}
public function unlock( $key ) {
// Only the first cache is locked
return $this->callKeyMethodOnTierCache(
0,
__FUNCTION__,
self::ARG0_KEY,
self::RES_NONKEY,
func_get_args()
);
}
public function deleteObjectsExpiringBefore(
$timestamp,
?callable $progress = null,
$limit = INF,
?string $tag = null
) {
$ret = false;
foreach ( $this->caches as $cache ) {
if ( $cache->deleteObjectsExpiringBefore( $timestamp, $progress, $limit, $tag ) ) {
$ret = true;
}
}
return $ret;
}
public function getMulti( array $keys, $flags = 0 ) {
// Just iterate over each key in order to handle all the backfill logic
$res = [];
foreach ( $keys as $key ) {
$val = $this->get( $key, $flags );
if ( $val !== false ) {
$res[$key] = $val;
}
}
return $res;
}
public function setMulti( array $valueByKey, $exptime = 0, $flags = 0 ) {
return $this->callKeyWriteMethodOnTierCaches(
$this->cacheIndexes,
__FUNCTION__,
self::ARG0_KEYMAP,
self::RES_NONKEY,
func_get_args()
);
}
public function deleteMulti( array $keys, $flags = 0 ) {
return $this->callKeyWriteMethodOnTierCaches(
$this->cacheIndexes,
__FUNCTION__,
self::ARG0_KEYARR,
self::RES_NONKEY,
func_get_args()
);
}
public function changeTTLMulti( array $keys, $exptime, $flags = 0 ) {
return $this->callKeyWriteMethodOnTierCaches(
$this->cacheIndexes,
__FUNCTION__,
self::ARG0_KEYARR,
self::RES_NONKEY,
func_get_args()
);
}
public function incrWithInit( $key, $exptime, $step = 1, $init = null, $flags = 0 ) {
return $this->callKeyWriteMethodOnTierCaches(
$this->cacheIndexes,
__FUNCTION__,
self::ARG0_KEY,
self::RES_NONKEY,
func_get_args()
);
}
public function setMockTime( &$time ) {
parent::setMockTime( $time );
foreach ( $this->caches as $cache ) {
$cache->setMockTime( $time );
}
}
/**
* Call a method on the cache instance for the given cache tier (index)
*
* @param int $index Cache tier
* @param string $method Method name
* @param int $arg0Sig BagOStuff::A0_* constant describing argument 0
* @param int $rvSig BagOStuff::RV_* constant describing the return value
* @param array $args Method arguments
*
* @return mixed The result of calling the given method
*/
private function callKeyMethodOnTierCache( $index, $method, $arg0Sig, $rvSig, array $args ) {
return $this->caches[$index]->proxyCall( $method, $arg0Sig, $rvSig, $args, $this );
}
/**
* Call a write method on the cache instances, in order, for the given tiers (indexes)
*
* @param int[] $indexes List of cache tiers
* @param string $method Method name
* @param int $arg0Sig BagOStuff::ARG0_* constant describing argument 0
* @param int $resSig BagOStuff::RES_* constant describing the return value
* @param array $args Method arguments
*
* @return mixed First synchronous result or false if any failed; null if all asynchronous
*/
private function callKeyWriteMethodOnTierCaches(
array $indexes,
$method,
$arg0Sig,
$resSig,
array $args
) {
$res = null;
if ( $this->asyncWrites && array_diff( $indexes, [ 0 ] ) && $method !== 'merge' ) {
// Deep-clone $args to prevent misbehavior when something writes an
// object to the BagOStuff then modifies it afterwards, e.g. T168040.
$args = unserialize( serialize( $args ) );
}
foreach ( $indexes as $i ) {
$cache = $this->caches[$i];
if ( $i == 0 || !$this->asyncWrites ) {
// Tier 0 store or in sync mode: write synchronously and get result
$storeRes = $cache->proxyCall( $method, $arg0Sig, $resSig, $args, $this );
if ( $storeRes === false ) {
$res = false;
} elseif ( $res === null ) {
// first synchronous result
$res = $storeRes;
}
} else {
// Secondary write in async mode: do not block this HTTP request
( $this->asyncHandler )(
function () use ( $cache, $method, $arg0Sig, $resSig, $args ) {
$cache->proxyCall( $method, $arg0Sig, $resSig, $args, $this );
}
);
}
}
return $res;
}
}
/** @deprecated class alias since 1.43 */
class_alias( MultiWriteBagOStuff::class, 'MultiWriteBagOStuff' );